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2018 ; 115
(19
): E4463-E4472
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Fully reduced HMGB1 accelerates the regeneration of multiple tissues by
transitioning stem cells to G(Alert)
#MMPMID29674451
Lee G
; Espirito Santo AI
; Zwingenberger S
; Cai L
; Vogl T
; Feldmann M
; Horwood NJ
; Chan JK
; Nanchahal J
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2018[May]; 115
(19
): E4463-E4472
PMID29674451
show ga
A major discovery of recent decades has been the existence of stem cells and
their potential to repair many, if not most, tissues. With the aging population,
many attempts have been made to use exogenous stem cells to promote tissue
repair, so far with limited success. An alternative approach, which may be more
effective and far less costly, is to promote tissue regeneration by targeting
endogenous stem cells. However, ways of enhancing endogenous stem cell function
remain poorly defined. Injury leads to the release of danger signals which are
known to modulate the immune response, but their role in stem cell-mediated
repair in vivo remains to be clarified. Here we show that high mobility group box
1 (HMGB1) is released following fracture in both humans and mice, forms a
heterocomplex with CXCL12, and acts via CXCR4 to accelerate skeletal,
hematopoietic, and muscle regeneration in vivo. Pretreatment with HMGB1 2 wk
before injury also accelerated tissue regeneration, indicating an acquired
proregenerative signature. HMGB1 led to sustained increase in cell cycling in
vivo, and using Hmgb1(-/-) mice we identified the underlying mechanism as the
transition of multiple quiescent stem cells from G(0) to G(Alert) HMGB1 also
transitions human stem and progenitor cells to G(Alert) Therefore, exogenous
HMGB1 may benefit patients in many clinical scenarios, including trauma,
chemotherapy, and elective surgery.