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10.3389/fimmu.2018.00852 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00852 C5946032!5946032!29780382     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Immunol 2018 ; 9 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29780382|t=2018. Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances |pdf=|usr=}}{{29780382}} gab.com Text Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances JO: Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29780382 #FOAvip If misregulated, macrophage (M?)?T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-M? (GM-CSF)- and M? colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent M?s have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent M?s show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 M?s, M-CSF-dependent M?s, marked by folate receptor ? (FR?), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory M?s in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FR?+CD39+CD73+ M?s, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory M?s. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the M? extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in M? cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological M?s in immune-mediated diseases. Twit Text FOAVip Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances ????Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29780382 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29780382 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29780382}}</ref> Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances #MMPMID29780382 Ohradanova-Repic A; Machacek C; Charvet C; Lager F; Le Roux D; Platzer R; Leksa V; Mitulovic G; Burkard TR; Zlabinger GJ; Fischer MB; Feuillet V; Renault G; Blüml S; Benko M; Suchanek M; Huppa JB; Matsuyama T; Cavaco-Paulo A; Bismuth G; Stockinger H Front Immunol 2018[]; 9 (ä): ä PMID29780382show ga If misregulated, macrophage (M?)?T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-M? (GM-CSF)- and M? colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent M?s have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent M?s show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 M?s, M-CSF-dependent M?s, marked by folate receptor ? (FR?), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory M?s in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FR?+CD39+CD73+ M?s, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory M?s. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the M? extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in M? cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological M?s in immune-mediated diseases. äExtracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressiv(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing