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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Front+Immunol 2018 ; 9 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Interferon-Gamma at the Crossroads of Tumor Immune Surveillance or Evasion #MMPMID29780381
Front Immunol 2018[]; 9 (ä): ä PMID29780381show ga
Interferon-gamma (IFN-?) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major effector of immunity, has been used in the treatment of several diseases, despite its adverse effects. Although broad evidence implicating IFN-? in tumor immune surveillance, IFN-?-based therapies undergoing clinical trials have been of limited success. In fact, recent reports suggested that it may also play a protumorigenic role, namely, through IFN-? signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, and upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and of checkpoint inhibitors, as programmed cell-death ligand 1. However, the IFN-?-mediated responses are still positively associated with patient?s survival in several cancers. Consequently, major research efforts are required to understand the immune contexture in which IFN-? induces its intricate and highly regulated effects in the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the current knowledge on the pro- and antitumorigenic effects of IFN-? as part of the complex immune response to cancer, highlighting the relevance to identify IFN-? responsive patients for the improvement of therapies that exploit associated signaling pathways.