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2018 ; 19
(3
): 452-459
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Severely Elevated Blood Pressure and Early Mortality in Children with Traumatic
Brain Injuries: The Neglected End of the Spectrum
#MMPMID29760839
Johnson MA
; Borgman MA
; Cannon JW
; Kuppermann N
; Neff LP
West J Emerg Med
2018[May]; 19
(3
): 452-459
PMID29760839
show ga
INTRODUCTION: In adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI), hypotension and
hypertension at presentation are associated with mortality. The effect of
age-adjusted blood pressure in children with TBI has been insufficiently studied.
We sought to determine if age-adjusted hypertension in children with severe TBI
is associated with mortality. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the
Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) between 2001 and 2013. We included
for analysis patients <18 years with severe TBI defined as Abbreviated Injury
Severity (AIS) scores of the head ?3. We defined hypertension as moderate for
systolic blood pressures (SBP) between the 95(th) and 99(th) percentile for age
and gender and severe if greater than the 99th percentile. Hypotension was
defined as SBP <90 mmHg for children >10 years or < 70mmHg + (2 × age) for
children ?10 years. We performed multivariable logistic regression and Cox
regression to determine if BP categories were associated with mortality. RESULTS:
Of 4,990 children included in the DoDTR, 740 met criteria for analysis. Fifty
patients (6.8%) were hypotensive upon arrival to the ED, 385 (52.0%) were
normotensive, 115 (15.5%) had moderate hypertension, and 190 (25.7%) had severe
hypertension. When compared to normotensive patients, moderate and severe
hypertension patients had similar Injury Severity Scores, similar AIS head
scores, and similar frequencies of neurosurgical procedures. Multivariable
logistic regression demonstrated that hypotension (odd ratio [OR] 2.85, 95
confidence interval [CI] 1.26-6.47) and severe hypertension (OR 2.58, 95 CI
1.32-5.03) were associated with increased 24-hour mortality. Neither hypotension
(Hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95 CI 0.74-3.11) nor severe hypertension (HR 1.65, 95 CI
0.65-2.30) was associated with time to mortality. CONCLUSION: Pediatric
age-adjusted hypertension is frequent after severe TBI. Severe hypertension is
strongly associated with 24-hour mortality. Pediatric age-adjusted blood pressure
needs to be further evaluated as a critical marker of early mortality.