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2018 ; 3
(2
): 328-336
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Treatment of Hyperkalemia With a Low-Dose Insulin Protocol Is Effective
and Results in Reduced Hypoglycemia
#MMPMID29725636
McNicholas BA
; Pham MH
; Carli K
; Chen CH
; Colobong-Smith N
; Anderson AE
; Pham H
Kidney Int Rep
2018[Mar]; 3
(2
): 328-336
PMID29725636
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Complications associated with insulin treatment for hyperkalemia
are serious and common. We hypothesize that, in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and
end-stage renal disease (ESRD), giving 5 units instead of 10 units of i.v.
regular insulin may reduce the risk of causing hypoglycemia when treating
hyperkalemia. METHODS: A retrospective quality improvement study on hyperkalemia
management (K(+) ? 6 mEq/l) from June 2013 through December 2013 was conducted at
an urban emergency department center. Electronic medical records were reviewed,
and data were extracted on presentation, management of hyperkalemia, incidence
and timing of hypoglycemia, and whether treatment was ordered as a protocol
through computerized physician order entry (CPOE). We evaluated whether an
educational effort to encourage the use of a protocol through CPOE that suggests
the use of 5 units might be beneficial for CKD/ESRD patients. A second audit of
hyperkalemia management from July 2015 through January 2016 was conducted to
assess the effects of intervention on hypoglycemia incidence. RESULTS: Treatments
ordered using a protocol for hyperkalemia increased following the educational
intervention (58 of 78 patients [74%] vs. 62 of 99 patients [62%]), and the
number of CKD/ESRD patients prescribed 5 units of insulin as per protocol
increased (30 of 32 patients [93%] vs. 32 of 43 [75%], P = .03). Associated with
this, the incidence of hypoglycemia associated with insulin treatment was lower
(7 of 63 patients [11%] vs. 22 of 76 patients [28%], P = .03), and there were no
cases of severe hypoglycemia compared to the 3 cases before the intervention.
CONCLUSION: Education on the use of a protocol for hyperkalemia resulted in a
reduction in the number of patients with severe hypoglycemia associated with
insulin treatment.