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2018 ; 13
(5
): e0193985
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Indirect questioning method reveals hidden support for female genital cutting in
South Central Ethiopia
#MMPMID29718908
Gibson MA
; Gurmu E
; Cobo B
; Rueda MM
; Scott IM
PLoS One
2018[]; 13
(5
): e0193985
PMID29718908
show ga
Female genital cutting (FGC) has major implications for women's physical, sexual
and psychological health, and eliminating the practice is a key target for public
health policy-makers. To date one of the main barriers to achieving this has been
an inability to infer privately-held views on FGC within communities where it is
prevalent. As a sensitive (and often illegal) topic, people are anticipated to
hide their true support for the practice when questioned directly. Here we use an
indirect questioning method (unmatched count technique) to identify hidden
support for FGC in a rural South Central Ethiopian community where the practice
is common, but thought to be in decline. Employing a socio-demographic household
survey of 1620 Arsi Oromo adults, which incorporated both direct and indirect
direct response (unmatched count) techniques we compare directly-stated versus
privately-held views in support of FGC, and individual variation in responses by
age, gender and education and target female (daughters versus daughters-in-law).
Both genders express low support for FGC when questioned directly, while indirect
methods reveal substantially higher acceptance (of cutting both daughters and
daughters-in-law). Educated adults (those who have attended school) are privately
more supportive of the practice than they are prepared to admit openly to an
interviewer, indicating that education may heighten secrecy rather than decrease
support for FGC. Older individuals hold the strongest views in favour of FGC
(particularly educated older males), but they are also more inclined to conceal
their support for FGC when questioned directly. As these elders represent the
most influential members of society, their hidden support for FGC may constitute
a pivotal barrier to eliminating the practice in this community. Our results
demonstrate the great potential for indirect questioning methods to advance
knowledge and inform policy on culturally-sensitive topics like FGC; providing
more reliable data and improving understanding of the "true" drivers of FGC.
free
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