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2018 ; 10
(3
): e2258
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Endoscopic Lavage of Extensive Chronic Subdural Hematoma in an Infant After
Abusive Head Trauma: Adaptation of a Technique From Ventricular Neuroendoscopy
#MMPMID29725561
Beez T
; Schmitz AK
; Steiger HJ
; Munoz-Bendix C
Cureus
2018[Mar]; 10
(3
): e2258
PMID29725561
show ga
Subdural fluid collections are frequently encountered in young children after
non-accidental injury. In a subset of patients, these collections progress in
size and ultimately require permanent drainage, which is commonly achieved with
subdural-peritoneal shunts. However, excessive protein and cellular contents in
the fluid are potential risk factors for shunt failure. Here, we describe the
adaptation of an endoscopic lavage technique established for ventricular
endoscopy with the aim of improving fluid condition prior to shunting. We present
a case of subdural fluid collections secondary to non-accidental injury, where
permanent shunting was required but could not be performed due to excessive
protein and cellular levels in the subdural fluid despite conventional burr hole
drainage. A two-month-old male infant presented with a bulging and tense
fontanel, a reduced level of consciousness, bradycardia, and significant
macrocephaly. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated massive bilateral, low
attenuation subdural fluid collections, reaching a diameter of 4.5 cm. Emergency
burr hole washout and insertion of subdural drains was performed. Despite
prolonged drainage over 10 days, the protein level remained at 544 mg/dl and the
mean erythrocyte count at 6,493/µl. Continuous drainage was required to avoid
clinical deterioration due to raised intracranial pressure; however, the fluid
condition was still considered incompatible with permanent subdural-peritoneal
shunting. We, therefore, performed an endoscopic subdural lavage with a careful
evacuation of residual blood deposits. No complications were encountered.
Postoperatively, mean protein level was 292 mg/dl and mean erythrocyte count was
101/µl. Endoscopic lavage could be safely performed in a case of extensive
subdural low attenuation fluid collections, where conventional burr hole drainage
failed to improve protein and cellular contents as a prerequisite for successful
permanent shunting. We conclude that adaptation of this technique can be helpful
in selected cases as an alternative procedure.