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2018 ; 18
(1
): 504
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Cancer-derived exosomes from HER2-positive cancer cells carry
trastuzumab-emtansine into cancer cells leading to growth inhibition and caspase
activation
#MMPMID29720111
Barok M
; Puhka M
; Vereb G
; Szollosi J
; Isola J
; Joensuu H
BMC Cancer
2018[May]; 18
(1
): 504
PMID29720111
show ga
BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that
carries a cytotoxic drug (DM1) to HER2-positive cancer. The target of T-DM1
(HER2) is present also on cancer-derived exosomes. We hypothesized that
exosome-bound T-DM1 may contribute to the activity of T-DM1. METHODS: Exosomes
were isolated from the cell culture medium of HER2-positive SKBR-3 and EFM-192A
breast cancer cells, HER2-positive SNU-216 gastric cancer cells, and
HER2-negative MCF-7 breast cancer cells by serial centrifugations including two
ultracentrifugations, and treated with T-DM1. T-DM1 not bound to exosomes was
removed using HER2-coated magnetic beads. Exosome samples were analyzed by
electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Binding of
T-DM1-containing exosomes to cancer cells and T-DM1 internalization were
investigated with confocal microscopy. Effects of T-DM1-containg exosomes on
cancer cells were investigated with the AlamarBlue cell proliferation assay and
the Caspase-Glo 3/7 caspase activation assay. RESULTS: T-DM1 binds to exosomes
derived from HER2-positive cancer cells, but not to exosomes derived from
HER2-negative MCF-7 cells. HER2-positive SKBR-3 cells accumulated T-DM1 after
being treated with T-DM1-containg exosomes, and treatment of SKBR-3 and EFM-192A
cells with T-DM1-containing exosomes resulted in growth inhibition and activation
of caspases 3 and/or 7. CONCLUSION: T-DM1 binds to exosomes derived from
HER2-positive cancer cells, and T-DM1 may be carried to other cancer cells via
exosomes leading to reduced viability of the recipient cells. The results suggest
a new mechanism of action for T-DM1, mediated by exosomes derived from
HER2-positive cancer.