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10.3389/fimmu.2018.00859 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00859 C5930390!5930390!29743880     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Immunol 2018 ; 9 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29743880|t=2018. Trypanosoma cruzi Exploits Wnt Signaling Pathway to Promote Its Intracellular Replication in Macrophages |pdf=|usr=}}{{29743880}} gab.com Text Trypanosoma cruzi Exploits Wnt Signaling Pathway to Promote Its Intracellular Replication in Macrophages JO: Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29743880 #FOAvip During the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages can act as host cells for the parasites as well as effector cells in the early anti-parasitic immune response. Thus, the targeting of specific signaling pathways could modulate macrophages response to restrict parasite replication and instruct an appropriate adaptive response. Recently, it has become evident that Wnt signaling has immunomodulatory functions during inflammation and infection. Here, we tested the hypothesis that during T. cruzi infection, the activation of Wnt signaling pathway in macrophages plays a role in modulating the inflammatory/tolerogenic response and therefore regulating the control of parasite replication. In this report, we show that early after T. cruzi infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), ?-catenin was activated and Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and some Frizzled receptors as well as Wnt/?-catenin pathway?s target genes were upregulated, with Wnt proteins signaling sustaining the activation of Wnt/?-catenin pathway and then activating the Wnt/Ca+2 pathway. Wnt signaling pathway activation was critical to sustain the parasite?s replication in BMM; since the treatments with specific inhibitors of ?-catenin transcriptional activation or Wnt proteins secretion limited the parasite replication. Mechanistically, inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway armed BMM to fight against T. cruzi by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and by downregulating arginase activity. Likewise, in vivo pharmacological inhibition of the Wnts? interaction with its receptors controlled the parasite replication and improved the survival of lethally infected mice. It is well established that T. cruzi infection activates a plethora of signaling pathways that ultimately regulate immune mediators to determine the modulation of a defined set of effector functions in macrophages. In this study, we have revealed a new signaling pathway that is activated by the interaction between protozoan parasites and host innate immunity, establishing a new conceptual framework for the development of new therapies. Twit Text FOAVip Trypanosoma cruzi Exploits Wnt Signaling Pathway to Promote Its Intracellular Replication in Macrophages ????Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29743880 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29743880 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29743880}}</ref> Trypanosoma cruzi Exploits Wnt Signaling Pathway to Promote Its Intracellular Replication in Macrophages #MMPMID29743880 Volpini X; Ambrosio LF; Fozzatti L; Insfran C; Stempin CC; Cervi L; Motran CC Front Immunol 2018[]; 9 (ä): ä PMID29743880show ga During the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages can act as host cells for the parasites as well as effector cells in the early anti-parasitic immune response. Thus, the targeting of specific signaling pathways could modulate macrophages response to restrict parasite replication and instruct an appropriate adaptive response. Recently, it has become evident that Wnt signaling has immunomodulatory functions during inflammation and infection. Here, we tested the hypothesis that during T. cruzi infection, the activation of Wnt signaling pathway in macrophages plays a role in modulating the inflammatory/tolerogenic response and therefore regulating the control of parasite replication. In this report, we show that early after T. cruzi infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), ?-catenin was activated and Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and some Frizzled receptors as well as Wnt/?-catenin pathway?s target genes were upregulated, with Wnt proteins signaling sustaining the activation of Wnt/?-catenin pathway and then activating the Wnt/Ca+2 pathway. Wnt signaling pathway activation was critical to sustain the parasite?s replication in BMM; since the treatments with specific inhibitors of ?-catenin transcriptional activation or Wnt proteins secretion limited the parasite replication. Mechanistically, inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway armed BMM to fight against T. cruzi by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and by downregulating arginase activity. Likewise, in vivo pharmacological inhibition of the Wnts? interaction with its receptors controlled the parasite replication and improved the survival of lethally infected mice. It is well established that T. cruzi infection activates a plethora of signaling pathways that ultimately regulate immune mediators to determine the modulation of a defined set of effector functions in macrophages. In this study, we have revealed a new signaling pathway that is activated by the interaction between protozoan parasites and host innate immunity, establishing a new conceptual framework for the development of new therapies. äTrypanosoma cruzi Exploits Wnt Signaling Pathway to Promote Its Intrac(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing