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2018 ; 7
(5
): e1423171
Nephropedia Template TP
Masemann D
; Köther K
; Kuhlencord M
; Varga G
; Roth J
; Lichty BD
; Rapp UR
; Wixler V
; Ludwig S
Oncoimmunology
2018[]; 7
(5
): e1423171
PMID29721377
show ga
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent type of lung cancer and
demonstrates high resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. These tumors evade
immune system detection by promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Genetic analysis has revealed oncogenic activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK
signaling pathway to be a hallmark of NSCLCs, which promotes influenza A virus
(IAV) infection and replication in these cells. Thus, we aimed to unravel the
oncolytic properties of IAV infection against NSCLCs in an immunocompetent model
in vivo. Using Raf-BxB transgenic mice that spontaneously develop NSCLCs, we
demonstrated that infection with low-pathogenic IAV leads to rapid and efficient
oncolysis, eliminating 70% of the initial tumor mass. Interestingly, IAV
infection of Raf-BxB mice caused a functional reversion of immunosuppressed
tumor-associated lung macrophages into a M1-like pro-inflammatory active
phenotype that additionally supported virus-induced oncolysis of cancer cells.
Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time in an immunocompetent in vivo
model that oncolytic IAV infection is capable of restoring and redirecting immune
cell functions within the tumor microenvironment of NSCLCs.