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2018 ; 10
(4
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The Immunomodulatory Capacity of an Epstein-Barr Virus Abortive Lytic Cycle:
Potential Contribution to Viral Tumorigenesis
#MMPMID29601503
Morales-Sánchez A
; Fuentes-Panana EM
Cancers (Basel)
2018[Mar]; 10
(4
): ä PMID29601503
show ga
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is characterized by a bipartite life cycle in which
latent and lytic stages are alternated. Latency is compatible with long-lasting
persistency within the infected host, while lytic expression, preferentially
found in oropharyngeal epithelial tissue, is thought to favor host-to-host viral
dissemination. The clinical importance of EBV relates to its association with
cancer, which we think is mainly a consequence of the latency/persistency
mechanisms. However, studies in murine models of tumorigenesis/lymphomagenesis
indicate that the lytic cycle also contributes to cancer formation. Indeed, EBV
lytic expression is often observed in established cell lines and tumor biopsies.
Within the lytic cycle EBV expresses a handful of immunomodulatory (BCRF1, BARF1,
BNLF2A, BGLF5 & BILF1) and anti-apoptotic (BHRF1 & BALF1) proteins. In this
review, we discuss the evidence supporting an abortive lytic cycle in which these
lytic genes are expressed, and how the immunomodulatory mechanisms of EBV and
related herpesviruses Kaposi Sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human cytomegalovirus
(HCMV) result in paracrine signals that feed tumor cells. An abortive lytic cycle
would reconcile the need of lytic expression for viral tumorigenesis without
relaying in a complete cycle that would induce cell lysis to release the newly
formed infective viral particles.
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