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1991 ; 82
(7
): 784-92
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Organ-specific modification of tumor development by low-dose combinations of
agents in a rat wide-spectrum carcinogenesis model
#MMPMID1908845
Fukushima S
; Shibata MA
; Hirose M
; Kato T
; Tatematsu M
; Ito N
Jpn J Cancer Res
1991[Jul]; 82
(7
): 784-92
PMID1908845
show ga
The combined effects of low doses of various carcinogens and carcinogenesis
modifiers on tumor development were investigated by using a wide-spectrum organ
carcinogenesis model in F344 rats. These agents were administered as three
groups: (1) a group of known hepatocarcinogens; (2) a group of nitroso compounds
having various target organ specificities; and (3) a group of antioxidants having
various inhibiting or enhancing activities depending on the target organ. Doses
were used which were generally below the known effective level for the individual
chemical. These groups of chemicals were administered with or without prior
administration of N-diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/kg body wt., i.p.),
N-methylnitrosourea (4 x 20 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) and
dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosamine (0.1% in drinking water for 2 weeks). The
hepatocarcinogen group in combination with various nitroso compounds increased
the incidences of liver hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. In
contrast, incidences were clearly reduced when the hepatocarcinogens and/or the
nitroso compounds were administered in combination with the antioxidants. For the
urinary bladder, the combination with nitroso compounds and antioxidants enhanced
cancer development, and the addition of hepatocarcinogens further increased
tumorigenesis. For the glandular stomach, additive effects on the numbers of
pepsinogen isozyme 1-altered pyloric glands, a putative preneoplastic lesion,
were produced by the combination treatment of antioxidants and the nitroso
compounds. No synergistic effects on tumor development were seen in other organs.
The results of the present study demonstrated that combinations of various
compounds at low doses can additively or synergistically exert either enhancing
or inhibitory effects on the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions
in different organs in a single model having a wide spectrum of organ effects.