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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 PLoS+One
2018 ; 13
(4
): e0192436
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NANOGP8 is the key regulator of stemness, EMT, Wnt pathway, chemoresistance, and
other malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer cells
#MMPMID29689047
Ma X
; Wang B
; Wang X
; Luo Y
; Fan W
PLoS One
2018[]; 13
(4
): e0192436
PMID29689047
show ga
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence demonstrated that NANOG1, the key transcription
factor for embryonic stem cells, is associated with human cancers. NANOGP8, one
of the pseudogenes in NANOG gene family, contains an intact open reading frame
and also said to be expressed in cancer tissues. Therefore, a systematic study is
greatly needed to address the following questions: among NANOG1 and NANOGP8,
which gene is the main contributor for NANOG expression in cancer cells and which
one is the key regulator responsible for stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), metastasis, chemoresistance and other malignant phenotypes.
Here we try to explore these issues with gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines in
vitro using variety of molecular and cellular techniques. METHODS: Special
primers were designed to distinguish PCR products from NANOG1 and NANOGP8.
Sphere-forming cells were cultured with serum-free and selective medium. A stable
cell line was established with infection of lentivirus containing NANOGP8. qPCR
was performed to measure NANOGP8 expression and its association with stemness,
EMT and CSC markers in adherent cells and sphere-forming cells. Western blot
analysis was deployed to confirm results of the transcript analysis. Experiments
of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, clonogenic assay, sphere cell growth
assays, cell cycle analysis, ?-catenin accumulation and translocation in nucleus,
and drug resistance were conducted to measure the impact of NANOGP8 on malignant
statuses of gastric cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze
cell subpopulations with different markers. RESULTS: NANOGP8 is mainly
responsible for NANOG expression in sphere-forming (stem cell-like) cells derived
from gastric cancer cell lines regardless their differentiation status. Ectopic
expression of NANOGP8 significantly up-regulates stemness transcription factors,
EMT inducers, and cancer stem cell markers (CSC) including Lgr5. NANOGP8 also
promotes expression of the signature genes vimentin and N-caderin for mesenchymal
cells and down-regulates the signature gene E-caderin for epithelial cells
whereby confer the cells with mesenchymal cell phenotype. In NANOGP8
over-expressed adherent and sphere-forming cells, Lgr5+ cells are significantly
increased. Ectopic expression of NANOGP8 endows gastric cells with enhanced
proliferation, migration, invasion, sphere-forming and clonogenic capacity, and
chemoresistance. NANOGP8 expression also enhances ?-catenin accumulation in
nucleus and strengthens Wnt signal transduction. CONCLUSION: NANOGP8 is the main
regulator of gastric cancer stem cells. It is closely associated with EMT,
stemness, and CSC marker as well as Wnt signal pathway. NANOGP8 is correlated
with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, clonogenic capacity, ?-catenin
accumulation in nucleus, and chemoresistance in gastric cancer. NANOGP8 is a
promising molecular target for clinical intervention of gastric cancer.