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2018 ; 8
(1
): 6219
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Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses antibiotic and chemotherapy-induced gut
dysbiosis in mice
#MMPMID29670191
Le Bastard Q
; Ward T
; Sidiropoulos D
; Hillmann BM
; Chun CL
; Sadowsky MJ
; Knights D
; Montassier E
Sci Rep
2018[Apr]; 8
(1
): 6219
PMID29670191
show ga
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now widely used to treat recurrent
Clostridium difficile infection, but has been less studied as a means to restore
microbiome diversity and composition following antibiotic or chemotherapy
treatments. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of FMT to reverse
antibiotic- and chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis in a mouse model. C57BL/6J
mice were treated with ampicillin for 1 week and/or received a single
intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fluorouracil. Fresh stool was collected and
analyzed using shotgun metagenomics and the Illumina sequencing platform.
Ampicillin caused a significant and immediate decrease in bacterial species
richness and diversity that persisted for one week. In mice that received FMT,
disruption of the intestinal microbiota was reversed immediately. Antibiotic and
chemotherapy administration caused significant alteration in species
distribution, including a decrease in the relative proportions of Clostridium
scindens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and an increase in known pathogenic
species. In mice receiving FMT, we observed a significant increase in species
known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, chemotherapy led to a
critical decrease in key 'health-promoting' species and to an altered functional
profile, especially when chemotherapy was administered in tandem with
antibiotics, and that FMT can ameliorate these effects.