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Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease #MMPMID29465447
Hutcheson JD; Aikawa E
Curr Opin Cardiol 2018[May]; 33 (3): 290-7 PMID29465447show ga
Purpose of review: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as one of the most important means through which cells interact with each other and the extracellular environment, but EV research remains challenging due to their small size and limited amount of material required for traditional molecular biology assays. The advent of new technologies and standards in the field, however, have led to increased mechanistic insight into EV function. Herein, the latest studies on the role of EVs in cardiovascular physiology and pathology are discussed. Recent findings: EVs help control cardiovascular homeostasis and remodeling by mediating communication between cells and directing alterations in the extracellular matrix to respond to changes in the environment. The message carried from the parent cell to extracellular space can be intended for both local (within the same tissue) and distal (downstream of blood flow) targets. Pathological cargo loaded within EVs could further result in various diseases. On the other hand, new studies indicate that injection of EVs obtained from cultured cells into diseased tissues can promote restoration of normal tissue function. Summary: EVs are an integral part of cell and tissue function, and harnessing the properties inherent to EVs may provide a therapeutic strategy to promote tissue regeneration.