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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Medicine+(Baltimore) 2018 ; 97 (13): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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An overlooked cause in a patient with recurrent ischemic stroke: A case report #MMPMID29595639
Yang X; Liu M; Zhu Y; Zhang X; Gao S; Ni J
Medicine (Baltimore) 2018[Mar]; 97 (13): ä PMID29595639show ga
Rationale:: The majority of ischemic strokes are due to cardioembolism, large vessel atherothromboembolism, small vessel occlusive disease, or other unusual mechanisms. In most clinical settings, many strokes without a well-defined etiology requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation, otherwise the underlying cause might be easily overlooked. Here we report on the rare cause of a patient with recurrent stroke. Patient concerns:: A 50-year-old female patient had a 4-year history of recurrent acute onset of neurological deficits. Diagnoses:: Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound detected a typical ?curtain? appearance of microbubbles, indicative of a right-to-left shunt. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was then initiated and a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) in the left lower lobe was found. Interventions:: The patient underwent percutaneous closure of PAVM. Afterward, warfarin was commenced because of the high risk of further thromboembolic complications in the following weeks to months. Post-treatment computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) demonstrated successful closure of PAVM. No microbubble signals were detected on post-treatment contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) study. Outcomes:: The patient suffered no further embolic events during 3-year follow-up. No recanalization or new PAVMs were detected on CT scan. Lessons:: Neurological PAVM-associated risks are common but remain poorly recognized. A strategic protocol is imperative in searching for the etiologies of cryptogenic stroke.