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2017 ; 2
(1
): 1-8
Nephropedia Template TP
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Predicting Pathways into Criminal Behavior: The Intersection of Race, Gender,
Poverty, Psychological Factors
#MMPMID29651468
Walt LC
; Jason LA
ARC J Addict
2017[]; 2
(1
): 1-8
PMID29651468
show ga
Women's incarceration rates have increased dramatically over recent years; with
Black women's rates disproportionately and significantly higher than other races.
Researchers have attempted to understand this criminal justice involvement
disparity, and have suggested two major theoretical pathways Differential
Involvement and Differential Selection Theories to explain these racial
differences. We use the Differential Involvement Theory as a framework to discuss
how the objective experience of economic disadvantage as measured by indicators
of structural hardship including educational and employment under-attainment and
the experience of psychological stress related to resource loss (because of this
disadvantage) may explain women's engagement in criminal activity. In order to
conceptualize psychological stress, we used Hobfoll's Conservation of Resource's
(COR) Theory and measure. Next, we investigated the link between these factors
and the degree (number of times incarcerated, number of months incarcerated in
lifetime) of criminal behavior using baseline data collected from a NIH study
that drew from a racially diverse sample of former substance abusing, criminally
involved urban women. Results indicated potential racial differences in the
perception of resource loss, and underscore the complex interaction of the
experience of race, poverty, and the unique experience of stress on women's
decision making and criminal justice involvement.