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2017 ; 18
(6
): 556-565
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Drug Metabolism in Preclinical Drug Development: A Survey of the Discovery
Process, Toxicology, and Computational Tools
#MMPMID28302026
Issa NT
; Wathieu H
; Ojo A
; Byers SW
; Dakshanamurthy S
Curr Drug Metab
2017[]; 18
(6
): 556-565
PMID28302026
show ga
BACKGROUND: While establishing efficacy in translational models and humans
through clinically-relevant endpoints for disease is of great interest, assessing
the potential toxicity of a putative therapeutic drug is critical. Toxicological
assessments in the pre-clinical discovery phase help to avoid future failure in
the clinical phases of drug development. Many in vitro assays exist to aid in
modular toxicological assessment, such as hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity. While
these methods have provided tremendous insight into human toxicity by
investigational new drugs, they are expensive, require substantial resources, and
do not account for pharmacogenomics as well as critical ADME properties.
Computational tools can fill this niche in toxicology if in silico models are
accurate in relating drug molecular properties to toxicological endpoints as well
as reliable in predicting important drug-target interactions that mediate known
adverse events or adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). METHODS: We undertook an
unstructured search of multiple bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed
literature regarding computational methods in predictive toxicology for in silico
drug discovery. As this review paper is meant to serve as a survey of available
methods for the interested reader, no focused criteria were applied. Literature
chosen was based on the writers' expertise and intent in communicating important
aspects of in silico toxicology to the interested reader. CONCLUSION: This review
provides a purview of computational methods of pre-clinical toxicologic
assessments for novel small molecule drugs that may be of use for novice and
experienced investigators as well as academic and commercial drug discovery
entities.