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10.12659/msm.907212 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.12659/msm.907212 C5890824!5890824 !29600800     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=29600800 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Hypertonic Saline Alleviates Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury via Downregulation of Aquaporin 4 in Rats |pdf=|usr=}}{{29600800 }} gab.com Text Hypertonic Saline Alleviates Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury via Downregulation of Aquaporin 4 in Rats JO: Med Sci Monit http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29600800 #FOAvip BACKGROUND Hypertonic saline (HS) has been successfully used for treatment of various forms of brain edema. Decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1b have been linked to edema pathogenesis. This study examined the effect of 3% HS on brain edema in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI induced by a controlled cortical impactor. The HS group was injected with 3% NaCl until the end of the study period. AQP4, TNF-?, IL-1?, and caspase-3 levels were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. Brain water content was also measured. Apoptotic cells in brain tissue were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Brain water content decreased following treatment with 3% HS relative to the TBI group. RESULTS This was accompanied by decreases in AQP4, TNF-?, and IL-1? mRNA and protein levels. TBI resulted in increases in caspase-3 mRNA expression and the number of apoptotic cells; treatment with 3% HS suppressed apoptosis as compared to the TBI group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 3% HS ameliorated TBI-induced brain edema, possibly by suppressing brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and apoptosis. Twit Text FOAVip Hypertonic Saline Alleviates Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury via Downregulation of Aquaporin 4 in Rats ????Med Sci Monit http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29600800 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29600800 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29600800 }}</ref> Hypertonic Saline Alleviates Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury via Downregulation of Aquaporin 4 in Rats #MMPMID29600800 Yin J ; Zhang H ; Chen H ; Lv Q ; Jin X Med Sci Monit 2018[Mar]; 24 (ä): 1863-1870 PMID29600800 show ga BACKGROUND Hypertonic saline (HS) has been successfully used for treatment of various forms of brain edema. Decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1b have been linked to edema pathogenesis. This study examined the effect of 3% HS on brain edema in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI induced by a controlled cortical impactor. The HS group was injected with 3% NaCl until the end of the study period. AQP4, TNF-?, IL-1?, and caspase-3 levels were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. Brain water content was also measured. Apoptotic cells in brain tissue were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Brain water content decreased following treatment with 3% HS relative to the TBI group. RESULTS This was accompanied by decreases in AQP4, TNF-?, and IL-1? mRNA and protein levels. TBI resulted in increases in caspase-3 mRNA expression and the number of apoptotic cells; treatment with 3% HS suppressed apoptosis as compared to the TBI group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 3% HS ameliorated TBI-induced brain edema, possibly by suppressing brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and apoptosis. |Animals [MESH] |Apoptosis/drug effects [MESH] |Aquaporin 4/genetics/*metabolism [MESH] |Brain Edema/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology [MESH] |Brain Injuries, Traumatic/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology [MESH] |Caspase 3/genetics/metabolism [MESH] |Disease Models, Animal [MESH] |Down-Regulation [MESH] |Interleukin-1beta/genetics/metabolism [MESH] |Male [MESH] |RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism [MESH] |Rats [MESH] |Rats, Sprague-Dawley [MESH] |Saline Solution, Hypertonic/*pharmacology [MESH]Hypertonic Saline Alleviates Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing