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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Investig+Med 2017 ; 65 (6): 953-63 Nephropedia Template TP
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Paradigms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Phenotypes, Immunobiology, and Therapy with a Focus on Vascular Disease #MMPMID28258130
J Investig Med 2017[Aug]; 65 (6): 953-63 PMID28258130show ga
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogenous syndrome that represents a major global health burden. COPD phenotypes have recently emerged based on large cohort studies addressing the need to better characterize the syndrome. Though comprehensive phenotyping is still at an early stage, factors such as ethnicity and radiographic, serum, and exhaled breath biomarkers have shown promise. COPD is also an immunological disease where innate and adaptive immune responses to the environment and tobacco smoke are altered. The frequent overlap between COPD and other systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, have influenced COPD therapy, and treatments for both conditions may lead to improved patient outcomes. Here we discuss current paradigms that center on improving the definition of COPD, understanding the immunological overlap between COPD and vascular inflammation, and the treatment of COPD?with a focus on comorbid cardiovascular disease.