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2018 ; 46
(6
): 3187-3197
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Viral suppressors of RNAi employ a rapid screening mode to discriminate viral RNA
from cellular small RNA
#MMPMID29325071
Fareh M
; van Lopik J
; Katechis I
; Bronkhorst AW
; Haagsma AC
; van Rij RP
; Joo C
Nucleic Acids Res
2018[Apr]; 46
(6
): 3187-3197
PMID29325071
show ga
RNA interference (RNAi) is an indispensable mechanism for antiviral defense in
insects, including mosquitoes that transmit human diseases. To escape this
antiviral defense system, viruses encode suppressors of RNAi that prevent
elimination of viral RNAs, and thus ensure efficient virus accumulation. Although
the first animal Viral Suppressor of RNAi (VSR) was identified more than a decade
ago, the molecular basis of RNAi suppression by these viral proteins remains
unclear. Here, we developed a single-molecule fluorescence assay to investigate
how VSRs inhibit the recognition of viral RNAs by Dcr-2, a key endoribonuclease
enzyme in the RNAi pathway. Using VSRs from three insect RNA viruses (Culex Y
virus, Drosophila X virus and Drosophila C virus), we reveal bimodal physical
interactions between RNA molecules and VSRs. During initial interactions, these
VSRs rapidly discriminate short RNA substrates from long dsRNA. VSRs engage
nearly irreversible binding with long dsRNAs, thereby shielding it from
recognition by Dcr-2. We propose that the length-dependent switch from rapid
screening to irreversible binding reflects the main mechanism by which VSRs
distinguish viral dsRNA from cellular RNA species such as microRNAs.
|*RNA Interference
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Entomobirnavirus/*genetics
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|MicroRNAs/*genetics/metabolism
[MESH]
|Protein Binding
[MESH]
|RNA Viruses/*genetics
[MESH]
|RNA, Double-Stranded/*genetics/metabolism
[MESH]
|RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]