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2018 ; 46
(6
): 3169-3186
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Combined roles of ATP and small hairpin RNA in the activation of RIG-I revealed
by solution-based analysis
#MMPMID29346611
Shah N
; Beckham SA
; Wilce JA
; Wilce MCJ
Nucleic Acids Res
2018[Apr]; 46
(6
): 3169-3186
PMID29346611
show ga
RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) is a cytosolic innate immune protein that
senses viral dsRNA with a 5'-triphosphate overhang. Upon interaction with dsRNA a
de-repression of the RIG-I CARD domains takes place that ultimately leads to the
production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we
investigate the RIG-I conformational rearrangement upon interaction with an
activating 5'-triphosphate-10-base pair dsRNA hairpin loop (10bp) compared with a
less active 5'-triphosphate-8-base pair dsRNA hairpin loop (8bp). We use
size-exclusion chromatography-coupled small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and
limited tryptic digest experiments to show that that upon binding to 10 bp, but
not 8 bp, RIG-I becomes extended and shows greater flexibility, reflecting the
release of its CARDs. We also examined the effect of different ATP analogues on
the conformational changes of RIG-I/dsRNA complexes. Of the analogues tested, the
addition of ATP transition state analogue ADP-AlFx further assisted in the
complete activation of RIG-I in complex with 10bp and also to some extent RIG-I
bound to 8bp. Together these data provide solution-based evidence for the
molecular mechanism of innate immune signaling by RIG-I as stimulated by short
hairpin RNA and ATP.