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2018 ; 2018
(ä): 1246069
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Altered Redox Homeostasis in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Disorders, Organic
Acidurias, and Homocystinuria
#MMPMID29743968
Richard E
; Gallego-Villar L
; Rivera-Barahona A
; Oyarzábal A
; Pérez B
; Rodríguez-Pombo P
; Desviat LR
Oxid Med Cell Longev
2018[]; 2018
(ä): 1246069
PMID29743968
show ga
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of monogenic disorders
characterized by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that underlie
development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to oxidative stress and
mitochondrial dysfunction as major contributors to the multiorgan alterations
observed in several IEMs. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in organic
acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation disorders inhibits
mitochondrial enzymes and processes resulting in elevated levels of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). In other IEMs, as in homocystinuria, different sources of
ROS have been proposed. In patients' samples, as well as in cellular and animal
models, several studies have identified significant increases in ROS levels along
with decreases in antioxidant defences, correlating with oxidative damage to
proteins, lipids, and DNA. Elevated ROS disturb redox-signaling pathways
regulating biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or cell
death; however, there are few studies investigating these processes in IEMs. In
this review, we describe the published data on mitochondrial dysfunction,
oxidative stress, and impaired redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid
disorders, other organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, along with recent studies
exploring the efficiency of antioxidants and mitochondria-targeted therapies as
therapeutic compounds in these diseases.