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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Exp+Clin+Cancer+Res
2018 ; 37
(1
): 74
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Mature and progenitor endothelial cells perform angiogenesis also under protease
inhibition: the amoeboid angiogenesis
#MMPMID29615071
Chillà A
; Margheri F
; Biagioni A
; Del Rosso M
; Fibbi G
; Laurenzana A
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
2018[Apr]; 37
(1
): 74
PMID29615071
show ga
BACKGROUND: Controlling vascular growth is a challenging aim for the inhibition
of tumor growth and metastasis. The amoeboid and mesenchymal types of
invasiveness are two modes of migration interchangeable in cancer cells: the
Rac-dependent mesenchymal migration requires the activity of proteases; the
Rho-ROCK-dependent amoeboid motility is protease-independent and has never been
described in endothelial cells. METHODS: A cocktail of physiologic inhibitors
(Ph-C) of serine-proteases, metallo-proteases and cysteine-proteases, mimicking
the physiological environment that cells encounter during their migration within
the angiogenesis sites was used to induce amoeboid style migration of Endothelial
colony forming cells (ECFCs) and mature endothelial cells (ECs). To evaluate the
mesenchymal-ameboid transition RhoA and Rac1 activation assays were performed
along with immunofluorescence analysis of proteins involved in cytoskeleton
organization. Cell invasion was studied in Boyden chambers and Matrigel plug
assay for the in vivo angiogenesis. RESULTS: In the present study we showed in
both ECFCs and ECs, a decrease of activated Rac1 and an increase of activated
RhoA upon shifting of cells to the amoeboid conditions. In presence of Ph-C
inhibitors both cell lines acquired a round morphology and Matrigel invasion was
greatly enhanced with respect to that observed in the absence of protease
inhibition. We also observed that the urokinase-plasminogen-activator (uPAR)
receptor silencing and uPAR-integrin uncoupling with the M25 peptide abolished
both mesenchymal and amoeboid angiogenesis of ECFCs and ECs in vitro and in vivo,
indicating a role of the uPAR-integrin-actin axis in the regulation of amoeboid
angiogenesis. Furthermore, under amoeboid conditions endothelial cells seem to be
indifferent to VEGF stimulation, which induces an amoeboid signaling pattern also
in mesenchymal conditions. CONCLUSION: Here we first provide a data set
disclosing that endothelial cells can move and differentiate into vascular
structures in vitro and in vivo also in the absence of proteases activity,
performing a new type of neovascularization: the "amoeboid angiogenesis". uPAR is
indispensable for ECs and ECFCs to perform an efficient amoeboid angiogenesis.
Therefore, uPAR silencing or the block of its integrin-interaction, together with
standard treatment against VEGF, could be a possible solution for angiogenesis
inhibition.