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2017 ; 3
(ä): 142-148
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The feminization of HPV: How science, politics, economics and gender norms shaped
U S HPV vaccine implementation
#MMPMID28720448
Daley EM
; Vamos CA
; Thompson EL
; Zimet GD
; Rosberger Z
; Merrell L
; Kline NS
Papillomavirus Res
2017[Jun]; 3
(ä): 142-148
PMID28720448
show ga
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause a number of anogenital cancers (i.e.,
cervical, penile, anal, vaginal, vulvar) and genital warts. A decade ago, the HPV
vaccine was approved, and has been shown to be a public health achievement that
can reduce the morbidity and mortality for HPV-associated diseases. Yet, the
mistaken over-identification of HPV as a female-specific disease has resulted in
the feminization of HPV and HPV vaccines. In this critical review, we trace the
evolution of the intersection of science, politics, economics and gender norms
during the original HPV vaccine approval, marketing era, and implementation.
Given the focus on cervical cancer screening, women were identified as bearing
the burden of HPV infection and its related illnesses, and the group responsible
for prevention. We also describe the consequences of the feminization of HPV,
which has resulted primarily in reduced protection from HPV-related illnesses for
males. We propose a multilevel approach to normalizing HPV vaccines as an
important aspect of overall health for both genders. This process must engage
multiple stakeholders, including providers, parents, patients, professional
organizations, public health agencies, policymakers, researchers, and
community-based organizations.