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2017 ; 28
(ä): 218
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Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome associated
with cefotaxime and clindamycin use in a 6 year-old boy: a case report
#MMPMID29629004
Karakayal? B
; Yazar AS
; Çakir D
; Cetemen A
; Kariminikoo M
; Deliloglu B
; Guven S
; Islek I
Pan Afr Med J
2017[]; 28
(ä): 218
PMID29629004
show ga
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare
and potentially life-threatening idiosyncratic drug reaction. It presents with
extensive rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia
and/or atypical lymphocytosis) and internal organ involvement. It has been
described in association with more than 50 drugs. To the best of our knowledge
neither cefotaxime nor clindamycin has been previously reported to induce DRESS
syndrome in children. Clindamycin was reported only in adults as a cause of DRESS
syndrome in the literature. In this report, we aimed to present a child with
DRESS syndrome that developed after cefotaxime and clindamycin treatment. A
6-year-old boy was diagnosed with the left lower lobe pneumonia and pleural
effusion. Parenteral cefotaxime and clindamycin were then started, after which
the patient improved clinically and was discharged 7 days later with oral
amoxicillin clavulanate treatment. After four days he was readmitted to the
hospital with fever and cough. Chest X-ray revealed left lower lobe pneumonia and
pleural effusion. We considered that the pneumonia was unresponsive to oral
antibiotic treatment, and therefore parenteral cefotaxime and clindamycin were
re-administered. As a result, his clinical and radiological findings were
improved within 10 days. On the 12(th) of day of hospitalization, the body
temperature has risen to 39°C, which we considered to be caused by antibiotics
and stopped antibiotic treatment. At the same day he developed generalized
maculopapular erythematous rash, which was considered an allergic reaction
secondary to antibiotics. Despite the antihistaminic drug administration, the
clinical status quickly deteriorated with generalized edema, lymphadenopathies
and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed a white blood cell count of
4300/?l, a lymphocyte count of 1300/?l, a hemoglobin level of 11.2 gr/dl, a
platelet count of 120.000/?l, an eosinophilia ratio of 10% on peripheral blood
smear, a C-reactive protein level of 20 mg/dl, a procalcitonin level of 23.94
ng/ml and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 48 mm/h. Anti nuclear antibody,
anti-double stranded DNA, the serologic tests for Epstein Bar virus, herpes
simplex virus, parvovirus, mycoplasma, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus
were all found negative. Bone marrow aspiration was consistent with an autoimmune
reaction. An echocardiographic examination was normal. Thoracic tomography
revealed multiple enlarged axillary, supraclavicular and anterior mediastinal
lymph nodes. As the patient met 8 out of 9 RegiSCAR criteria for the diagnosis of
DRESS, we started pulse methyl prednisolone (30 mg/kg/day) for three days
followed by 2 mg/kg/day. On the 2nd day fever resolved and cutaneous rash and
edema improved. Ten days after developing eruptions the patient was discharged.
To our knowledge, we report the first pediatric case of DRESS syndrome following
treatment with cefotaxime and clindamycin. Pediatricians should be aware of this
potential complication associated with these commonly prescribed antibiotics.