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2018 ; 115
(13
): 3494-3499
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
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English Wikipedia
Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased
immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
#MMPMID29531040
Veeramah KR
; Rott A
; Groß M
; van Dorp L
; López S
; Kirsanow K
; Sell C
; Blöcher J
; Wegmann D
; Link V
; Hofmanová Z
; Peters J
; Trautmann B
; Gairhos A
; Haberstroh J
; Päffgen B
; Hellenthal G
; Haas-Gebhard B
; Harbeck M
; Burger J
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2018[Mar]; 115
(13
): 3494-3499
PMID29531040
show ga
Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with
geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least
two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of
cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on
the demographic processes occurring during the intervening periods have been
absent. Therefore, we generated genomic data from 41 individuals dating mostly to
the late 5th/early 6th century AD from present-day Bavaria in southern Germany,
including 11 whole genomes (mean depth 5.56×). In addition we developed a capture
array to sequence neutral regions spanning a total of 5 Mb and 486 functional
polymorphic sites to high depth (mean 72×) in all individuals. Our data indicate
that while men generally had ancestry that closely resembles modern northern and
central Europeans, women exhibit a very high genetic heterogeneity; this includes
signals of genetic ancestry ranging from western Europe to East Asia.
Particularly striking are women with artificial skull deformations; the analysis
of their collective genetic ancestry suggests an origin in southeastern Europe.
In addition, functional variants indicate that they also differed in visible
characteristics. This example of female-biased migration indicates that complex
demographic processes during the Early Medieval period may have contributed in an
unexpected way to shape the modern European genetic landscape. Examination of the
panel of functional loci also revealed that many alleles associated with recent
positive selection were already at modern-like frequencies in European
populations ?1,500 years ago.