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2018 ; 18
(1
): 75
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Education and employment status of adults with autism spectrum disorders in
Germany - a cross-sectional-survey
#MMPMID29580218
Frank F
; Jablotschkin M
; Arthen T
; Riedel A
; Fangmeier T
; Hölzel LP
; Tebartz van Elst L
BMC Psychiatry
2018[Mar]; 18
(1
): 75
PMID29580218
show ga
BACKGROUND: Adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience challenges in
participating in the labour market and struggle to achieve and maintain
appropriate professional positions, possibly due to impairments of communication
and social interaction. Studies have shown high rates of unemployment as well as
evidence of inadequate employment. As knowledge on the participation in the
German labour market is scarce, the aim of our study was to examine employment
status, type of occupation and inadequate employment in a sample of clinically
mostly late-diagnosed and most likely not intellectually disabled adults with ASD
in Germany. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional-survey in clinically mostly
late-diagnosed adults with ASD. Employment status, type of occupation, and the
level of formal education and training were examined through a postal
questionnaire. Inadequate employment regarding participants' current and longest
practised occupation was assessed by transforming participants' information into
skill levels of the "Classification of Occupations 2010" of the German Federal
Employment Agency, and comparing these with participants' level of formal
education and training. RESULTS: The response rate was 43.2% (N =?185 of N =?428
potential participants). 94.6% were first-time diagnosed when being 18 years of
age or older. 56.8% held a general university entrance-level qualification and
24.9% had obtained a Masters' or diploma degree as their highest vocational
qualification. 94.1% had been employed at some time. Of these, 68.4% reported
being currently employed, 13.5% being currently unemployed and 17.0% being
retired for health reasons. Regarding the longest-practised and the current
occupation, the highest proportion of participants was found in the occupational
area "health and social sector, teaching and education" (22.4% and 23.3%,
respectively). With respect to inadequate employment, 22.1% were found to be
overeducated in relation to their longest-practised occupation and 31.3% in
relation to their current occupation. This is significantly higher than the
percentage of overeducation in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Despite
largely high formal qualifications, the clinically mostly late-diagnosed adults
with ASD represented in our sample are disadvantaged regarding their
participation in the German labour market, especially with respect to rates of
unemployment, early retirement and overeducation. Employment support programs
should be developed to improve employment outcomes.
|*Autism Spectrum Disorder
[MESH]
|*Educational Status
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Cross-Sectional Studies
[MESH]
|Employment/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Germany
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Male
[MESH]
|Middle Aged
[MESH]
|Occupations/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Persons with Intellectual Disabilities/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]