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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Physiol+Rev 2018 ; 98 (1): 117-214 Nephropedia Template TP
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Pancreatic ?-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men #MMPMID29212789
Rorsman P; Ashcroft FM
Physiol Rev 2018[Jan]; 98 (1): 117-214 PMID29212789show ga
The pancreatic ?-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion results in the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which currently afflicts >450 million people worldwide. The healthy ?-cell acts as a glucose sensor matching its output to the circulating glucose concentration. It does so via metabolically induced changes in electrical activity, which culminate in an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and initiation of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the ?-cell transcriptome, electrical activity, and insulin exocytosis. We highlight salient differences between mouse and human ?-cells, provide models of how the different ion channels contribute to their electrical activity and insulin secretion, and conclude by discussing how these processes become perturbed in T2DM.