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Polyphosphate-Accumulating Bacteria: Potential Contributors to Mineral
Dissolution in the Oral Cavity
#MMPMID29352083
Breiland AA
; Flood BE
; Nikrad J
; Bakarich J
; Husman M
; Rhee T
; Jones RS
; Bailey JV
Appl Environ Microbiol
2018[Apr]; 84
(7
): ? PMID29352083
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Bacteria that accumulate polyphosphates have previously been shown to dynamically
influence the solubility of phosphatic minerals in marine settings and
wastewater. Here, we show that dental plaque, saliva, and carious lesions all
contain abundant polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria. Saturation state modeling
results, informed by phosphate uptake experiments using the model organism
Lactobacillus rhamnosus, which is known to inhabit advanced carious lesions,
suggest that polyphosphate accumulation can lead to undersaturated conditions
with respect to hydroxyapatite under some oral cavity conditions. The cell
densities of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria we observed in some regions of
oral biofilms are comparable to those that produce undersaturated conditions
(i.e., those that thermodynamically favor mineral dissolution) in our phosphate
uptake experiments with L. rhamnosus These results suggest that the localized
generation of undersaturated conditions by polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria
constitutes a new potential mechanism of tooth dissolution that may augment the
effects of metabolic acid production.IMPORTANCE Dental caries is a serious public
health issue that can have negative impacts on overall quality of life and oral
health. The role of oral bacteria in the dissolution of dental enamel and dentin
that can result in carious lesions has long been solely ascribed to metabolic
acid production. Here, we show that certain oral bacteria may act as a dynamic
shunt for phosphate in dental biofilms via the accumulation of a polymer known as
polyphosphate-potentially mediating phosphate-dependent conditions such as caries
(dental decay).
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