Functional macrophages and gastrointestinal disorders #MMPMID29568199
Liu YH; Ding Y; Gao CC; Li LS; Wang YX; Xu JD
World J Gastroenterol 2018[Mar]; 24 (11): 1181-95 PMID29568199show ga
Macrophages (M?) differentiate from blood monocytes and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their abilities to recognize pathogens and activate bactericidal activities, M? are always discovered at the site of immune defense. M? in the intestine are unique, such that in the healthy intestine, they possess complex mechanisms to protect the gut from inflammation. In these complex mechanisms, they produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-?, and inhibit the inflammatory pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors. It has been demonstrated that resident M? play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and they can be recognized by their unique markers. Nonetheless, in the inflamed intestine, the function of M? will change because of environmental variation, which may be one of the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We provide further explanation about these mechanisms in our review. In addition, we review recent discoveries that M? may be involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors. We will highlight the possible therapeutic targets for the management of IBD and gastrointestinal tumors, and we also discuss why more details are needed to fully understand all other effects of intestinal M?.
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World+J+Gastroenterol 2018 ; 24 (11): 1181-95
