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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Curr+Biol 2015 ; 25 (23): R1143-50 Nephropedia Template TP
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Shared and distinct mechanisms of compartmentalized and cytosolic ciliogenesis #MMPMID26654377
Avidor-Reiss T; Leroux MR
Curr Biol 2015[Dec]; 25 (23): R1143-50 PMID26654377show ga
Most motile and all non-motile (primary) eukaryotic cilia possess microtubule-based axonemes that are assembled at the cell surface to form hair-like or more elaborate compartments endowed with motility and/or signaling functions. Such compartmentalized ciliogenesis depends on a core intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery and associated Bardet-Biedl syndrome complex (BBSome) for dynamic delivery of ciliary components. The transition zone (TZ), an ultrastructurally complex barrier (?gate?) at the base of cilia, also contributes to the formation of compartmentalized cilia. Yet, some ciliated protists do not encode IFT components, and together with some metazoan spermatozoa, use IFT-independent mechanisms to build axonemes exposed to the cytosol. Moreover, various ciliated protists lack TZ components, whereas Drosophila sperm surprisingly requires the activity of dynamically-localized TZ proteins for cytosolic ciliogenesis. Here we discuss the various ways eukaryotes use IFT and/or TZ proteins to generate the wide assortment of compartmentalized and cytosolic cilia observed in nature. Consideration of the different ciliogenic pathways allows us to propose how three types of cytosol-exposed cilia (primary, secondary, tertiary), including that found in the human sperm proximal segment, are likely evolutionary derivations of compartmentalized ciliogenesis.