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2018 ; 19
(2
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
The Biased G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonism Bridges the Gap between the Insulin
Receptor and the Metabolic Syndrome
#MMPMID29462993
Liauchonak I
; Dawoud F
; Riat Y
; Qorri B
; Sambi M
; Jain J
; Kalaydina RV
; Mendonza N
; Bajwa K
; Szewczuk MR
Int J Mol Sci
2018[Feb]; 19
(2
): ä PMID29462993
show ga
Insulin signaling, as mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), plays a
critical role in metabolism. Aberrations in this signaling cascade lead to
several pathologies, the majority of which are classified under the umbrella term
"metabolic syndrome". Although many of these pathologies are associated with
insulin resistance, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. One area of
current interest is the possibility of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
influencing or regulating IR signaling. This concept is particularly significant,
because GPCRs have been shown to participate in cross-talk with the IR. More
importantly, GPCR signaling has also been shown to preferentially regulate
specific downstream signaling targets through GPCR agonist bias. A novel study
recently demonstrated that this GPCR-biased agonism influences the activity of
the IR without the presence of insulin. Although GPCR-IR cross-talk has
previously been established, the notion that GPCRs can regulate the activation of
the IR is particularly significant in relation to metabolic syndrome and other
pathologies that develop as a result of alterations in IR signaling. As such, we
aim to provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of
the IR within metabolic syndrome and its related pathologies, including
cardiovascular health, gut microflora composition, gastrointestinal tract
functioning, polycystic ovarian syndrome, pancreatic cancer, and
neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, we propose that the GPCR-biased agonism
may perhaps mediate some of the downstream signaling effects that further
exacerbate these diseases for which the mechanisms are currently not well
understood.