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2017 ; 240
(ä): 71-101
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Anion Channels of Mitochondria
#MMPMID27783269
Ponnalagu D
; Singh H
Handb Exp Pharmacol
2017[]; 240
(ä): 71-101
PMID27783269
show ga
Mitochondria are the "power house" of a cell continuously generating ATP to
ensure its proper functioning. The constant production of ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation demands a large electrochemical force that drives protons across
the highly selective and low-permeable mitochondrial inner membrane. Besides the
conventional role of generating ATP, mitochondria also play an active role in
calcium signaling, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress responses,
and regulation of cell-death pathways. Deficiencies in these functions result in
several pathological disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative
and cardiovascular diseases. A plethora of ion channels and transporters are
present in the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes which work in concert to
preserve the ionic equilibrium of a cell for the maintenance of cell integrity,
in physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. For, e.g.,
mitochondrial cation channels K(ATP) and BK(Ca) play a significant role in
cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to the cation
channels, mitochondrial anion channels are equally essential, as they aid in
maintaining electro-neutrality by regulating the cell volume and pH. This chapter
focusses on the information on molecular identity, structure, function, and
physiological relevance of mitochondrial chloride channels such as voltage
dependent anion channels (VDACs), uncharacterized mitochondrial inner membrane
anion channels (IMACs), chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) and the aspects of
forthcoming chloride channels.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Chloride Channels/*physiology
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Mitochondria/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology
[MESH]