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2018 ; 28
(3
): 310-320
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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ZFX acts as a transcriptional activator in multiple types of human tumors by
binding downstream from transcription start sites at the majority of CpG island
promoters
#MMPMID29429977
Rhie SK
; Yao L
; Luo Z
; Witt H
; Schreiner S
; Guo Y
; Perez AA
; Farnham PJ
Genome Res
2018[Mar]; 28
(3
): 310-320
PMID29429977
show ga
High expression of the transcription factor ZFX is correlated with proliferation,
tumorigenesis, and patient survival in multiple types of human cancers. However,
the mechanism by which ZFX influences transcriptional regulation has not been
determined. We performed ChIP-seq in four cancer cell lines (representing kidney,
colon, prostate, and breast cancers) to identify ZFX binding sites throughout the
human genome. We identified roughly 9000 ZFX binding sites and found that most of
the sites are in CpG island promoters. Moreover, genes with promoters bound by
ZFX are expressed at higher levels than genes with promoters not bound by ZFX. To
determine if ZFX contributes to regulation of the promoters to which it is bound,
we performed RNA-seq analysis after knockdown of ZFX by siRNA in prostate and
breast cancer cells. Many genes with promoters bound by ZFX were down-regulated
upon ZFX knockdown, supporting the hypothesis that ZFX acts as a transcriptional
activator. Surprisingly, ZFX binds at +240 bp downstream from the TSS of the
responsive promoters. Using Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome Sequencing
(NOMe-seq), we show that ZFX binds between the open chromatin region at the TSS
and the first downstream nucleosome, suggesting that ZFX may play a critical role
in promoter architecture. We have also shown that a closely related zinc finger
protein ZNF711 has a similar binding pattern at CpG island promoters, but ZNF711
may play a subordinate role to ZFX. This functional characterization of ZFX
provides important new insights into transcription, chromatin structure, and the
regulation of the cancer transcriptome.