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2017 ; 140
(12
): 3357-3377
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A lesion model of envy and Schadenfreude: legal, deservingness and moral
dimensions as revealed by neurodegeneration
#MMPMID29112719
Santamaría-García H
; Baez S
; Reyes P
; Santamaría-García JA
; Santacruz-Escudero JM
; Matallana D
; Arévalo A
; Sigman M
; García AM
; Ibáñez A
Brain
2017[Dec]; 140
(12
): 3357-3377
PMID29112719
show ga
The study of moral emotions (i.e. Schadenfreude and envy) is critical to
understand the ecological complexity of everyday interactions between cognitive,
affective, and social cognition processes. Most previous studies in this area
have used correlational imaging techniques and framed Schadenfreude and envy as
unified and monolithic emotional domains. Here, we profit from a relevant
neurodegeneration model to disentangle the brain regions engaged in three
dimensions of Schadenfreude and envy: deservingness, morality, and legality. We
tested a group of patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
(bvFTD), patients with Alzheimer's disease, as a contrastive neurodegeneration
model, and healthy controls on a novel task highlighting each of these dimensions
in scenarios eliciting Schadenfreude and envy. Compared with the Alzheimer's
disease and control groups, patients with bvFTD obtained significantly higher
scores on all dimensions for both emotions. Correlational analyses revealed an
association between envy and Schadenfreude scores and greater deficits in social
cognition, inhibitory control, and behaviour disturbances in bvFTD patients.
Brain anatomy findings (restricted to bvFTD and controls) confirmed the partially
dissociable nature of the moral emotions' experiences and highlighted the
importance of socio-moral brain areas in processing those emotions. In all
subjects, an association emerged between Schadenfreude and the ventral striatum,
and between envy and the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, the results
supported an association between scores for moral and legal transgression and the
morphology of areas implicated in emotional appraisal, including the amygdala and
the parahippocampus. By contrast, bvFTD patients exhibited a negative association
between increased Schadenfreude and envy across dimensions and critical regions
supporting social-value rewards and social-moral processes (dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus and precuneus). Together, this study provides
lesion-based evidence for the multidimensional nature of the emotional
experiences of envy and Schadenfreude. Our results offer new insights into the
mechanisms subsuming complex emotions and moral cognition in neurodegeneration.
Moreover, this study presents the exacerbation of envy and Schadenfreude as a new
potential hallmark of bvFTD that could impact in diagnosis and progression.