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2018 ; 22
(2
): 113-125
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The potential theragnostic (diagnostic+therapeutic) application of exosomes in
diverse biomedical fields
#MMPMID29520164
Kim YS
; Ahn JS
; Kim S
; Kim HJ
; Kim SH
; Kang JS
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
2018[Mar]; 22
(2
): 113-125
PMID29520164
show ga
Exosomes are membranous vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter that are derived from
the exocytosis of the intraluminal vesicles of many cell types including immune
cells, stem cells, cardiovascular cells and tumor cells. Exosomes participate in
intercellular communication by delivering their contents to recipient cells, with
or without direct contact between cells, and thereby influence physiological and
pathological processes. They are present in various body fluids and contain
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and microRNAs that can be transported to
surrounding cells. Theragnosis is a concept in next-generation medicine that
simultaneously combines accurate diagnostics with therapeutic effects. Molecular
components in exosomes have been found to be related to certain diseases and
treatment responses, indicating that they may have applications in diagnosis via
molecular imaging and biomarker detection. In addition, recent studies have
reported that exosomes have immunotherapeutic applications or can act as a drug
delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules. In this
review, we describe the formation, structure, and physiological roles of
exosomes. We also discuss their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of
diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and
cancer. The potential applications of exosomes for theragnostic purposes in
various diseases are also discussed. This review summarizes the current knowledge
about the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes as well as their
diagnostic and therapeutic uses, including emerging exosome-based therapies that
could not be applied until now.
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