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10.3389/fimmu.2018.00348 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00348 C5834428!5834428!29535724     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Immunol 2018 ; 9 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29535724|t=2018. T Cell Subsets in the Germinal Center: Lessons from the Macaque Model |pdf=|usr=}}{{29535724}} gab.com Text T Cell Subsets in the Germinal Center: Lessons from the Macaque Model JO: Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29535724 #FOAvip Germinal centers (GCs) are organized lymphoid tissue microstructures where B cells proliferate and differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells. A few distinctive subsets of highly specialized T cells gain access to the GCs by expressing the B cell zone?homing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) while losing the T cell zone?homing chemokine receptor CCR7. Help from T cells is critical to induce B cell proliferation and somatic hyper mutation and to limit GC reactions. CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells required for the formation of GCs and for the generation of long-lived, high-affinity B cells. Regulatory CD4+ (TFR) and CD8+ T cells co-localize with TFH cells and keep their expansion in check, thus limiting GC reactions. A cytotoxic CXCR5pos CD8+ T cell subset has been described in GCs in humans: although low in number, GC CD8+ T cells can expand rapidly during certain viral infections. Because these subsets find their home in secondary lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes and spleen) that are difficult to obtain in humans, GC?homing T cells have been extensively studied in mice. Nevertheless, significant limitations in using this model, such as evolutionary divergences between mice and humans and the lack of an optimal mouse model for certain human diseases, have prompted investigators to characterize GC?homing T cells in macaques instead. This review will focus on discoveries made in macaques, particularly in the non-human primate models of simian immunodeficiency virus and simian?human immunodeficiency virus infection. Indeed, experimental studies in these models have allowed researchers to gain insight into the relative role of follicular T cell subsets in HIV progression, virus persistence, and specific B cell responses induced by HIV vaccines. These discoveries have prompted the testing of novel approaches aimed to manipulate follicular T cells to increase the efficacy of HIV vaccines and to eliminate HIV reservoirs. Twit Text FOAVip T Cell Subsets in the Germinal Center: Lessons from the Macaque Model ????Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29535724 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29535724 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29535724}}</ref> T Cell Subsets in the Germinal Center: Lessons from the Macaque Model #MMPMID29535724 Vaccari M; Franchini G Front Immunol 2018[]; 9 (ä): ä PMID29535724show ga Germinal centers (GCs) are organized lymphoid tissue microstructures where B cells proliferate and differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells. A few distinctive subsets of highly specialized T cells gain access to the GCs by expressing the B cell zone?homing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) while losing the T cell zone?homing chemokine receptor CCR7. Help from T cells is critical to induce B cell proliferation and somatic hyper mutation and to limit GC reactions. CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells required for the formation of GCs and for the generation of long-lived, high-affinity B cells. Regulatory CD4+ (TFR) and CD8+ T cells co-localize with TFH cells and keep their expansion in check, thus limiting GC reactions. A cytotoxic CXCR5pos CD8+ T cell subset has been described in GCs in humans: although low in number, GC CD8+ T cells can expand rapidly during certain viral infections. Because these subsets find their home in secondary lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes and spleen) that are difficult to obtain in humans, GC?homing T cells have been extensively studied in mice. Nevertheless, significant limitations in using this model, such as evolutionary divergences between mice and humans and the lack of an optimal mouse model for certain human diseases, have prompted investigators to characterize GC?homing T cells in macaques instead. This review will focus on discoveries made in macaques, particularly in the non-human primate models of simian immunodeficiency virus and simian?human immunodeficiency virus infection. Indeed, experimental studies in these models have allowed researchers to gain insight into the relative role of follicular T cell subsets in HIV progression, virus persistence, and specific B cell responses induced by HIV vaccines. These discoveries have prompted the testing of novel approaches aimed to manipulate follicular T cells to increase the efficacy of HIV vaccines and to eliminate HIV reservoirs. äT Cell Subsets in the Germinal Center: Lessons from the Macaque Model (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing