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Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human
cardiovascular tissue calcification
#MMPMID23603848
Bertazzo S
; Gentleman E
; Cloyd KL
; Chester AH
; Yacoub MH
; Stevens MM
Nat Mater
2013[Jun]; 12
(6
): 576-83
PMID23603848
show ga
The accumulation of calcified material in cardiovascular tissue is thought to
involve cytochemical, extracellular matrix and systemic signals; however, its
precise composition and nanoscale architecture remain largely unexplored. Using
nano-analytical electron microscopy techniques, we examined valves, aortae and
coronary arteries from patients with and without calcific cardiovascular disease
and detected spherical calcium phosphate particles, regardless of the presence of
calcific lesions. We also examined lesions after sectioning with a focused ion
beam and found that the spherical particles are composed of highly crystalline
hydroxyapatite that crystallographically and structurally differs from bone
mineral. Taken together, these data suggest that mineralized spherical particles
may play a fundamental role in calcific lesion formation. Their ubiquitous
presence in varied cardiovascular tissues and from patients with a spectrum of
diseases further suggests that lesion formation may follow a common process.
Indeed, applying materials science techniques to ectopic and orthotopic
calcification has great potential to lend critical insights into
pathophysiological processes underlying calcific cardiovascular disease.
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