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The importance of the photosynthetic Gibbs effect in the elucidation of the
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
#MMPMID29305411
Ebenhöh O
; Spelberg S
Biochem Soc Trans
2018[Feb]; 46
(1
): 131-140
PMID29305411
show ga
The photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, or Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle,
is now contained in every standard biochemistry textbook. Although the cycle was
already proposed in 1954, it is still the subject of intense research, and even
the structure of the cycle, i.e. the exact series of reactions, is still under
debate. The controversy about the cycle's structure was fuelled by the findings
of Gibbs and Kandler in 1956 and 1957, when they observed that radioactive
(14)CO(2) was dynamically incorporated in hexoses in a very atypical and
asymmetrical way, a phenomenon later termed the 'photosynthetic Gibbs effect'.
Now, it is widely accepted that the photosynthetic Gibbs effect is not in
contradiction to the reaction scheme proposed by CBB, but the arguments given
have been largely qualitative and hand-waving. To fully appreciate the
controversy and to understand the difficulties in interpreting the Gibbs effect,
it is illustrative to illuminate the history of the discovery of the CBB cycle.
We here give an account of central scientific advances and discoveries, which
were essential prerequisites for the elucidation of the cycle. Placing the
historic discoveries in the context of the modern textbook pathway scheme
illustrates the complexity of the cycle and demonstrates why especially dynamic
labelling experiments are far from easy to interpret. We conclude by arguing that
it requires sound theoretical approaches to resolve conflicting interpretations
and to provide consistent quantitative explanations.
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