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2015 ; 6
(2
): 1018-1026
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Chelation-induced diradical formation as an approach to modulation of the
amyloid-? aggregation pathway
#MMPMID29560189
Porter MR
; Kochi A
; Karty JA
; Lim MH
; Zaleski JM
Chem Sci
2015[Feb]; 6
(2
): 1018-1026
PMID29560189
show ga
Current approaches toward modulation of metal-induced A? aggregation pathways
involve the development of small molecules that bind metal ions, such as Cu(ii)
and Zn(ii), and interact with A?. For this effort, we present the
enediyne-containing ligand
(Z)-N,N'-bis[1-pyridin-2-yl-meth(E)-ylidene]oct-4-ene-2,6-diyne-1,8-diamine
(PyED), which upon chelation of Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) undergoes Bergman-cyclization
to yield diradical formation. The ability of this chelation-triggered diradical
to modulate A? aggregation is evaluated relative to the non-radical generating
control
pyridine-2-ylmethyl-(2-{[(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)-amino]-methyl}-benzyl)-amine
(PyBD). Variable-pH, ligand UV-vis titrations reveal pK(a) = 3.81(2) for PyBD,
indicating it exists mainly in the neutral form at experimental pH. Lipinski's
rule parameters and evaluation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration potential
by the PAMPA-BBB assay suggest that PyED may be CNS+ and penetrate the BBB. Both
PyED and PyBD bind Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) as illustrated by bathochromic shifts of
their UV-vis features. Speciation diagrams indicate that Cu(ii)-PyBD is the major
species at pH 6.6 with a nanomolar K(d), suggesting the ligand may be capable of
interacting with Cu(ii)-A? species. In the presence of A?(40/42) under
hyperthermic conditions (43 °C), the radical-generating PyED demonstrates
markedly enhanced activity (2-24 h) toward the modulation of A? species as
determined by gel electrophoresis. Correspondingly, transmission electron
microscopy images of these samples show distinct morphological changes to the
fibril structure that are most prominent for Cu(ii)-A? cases. The loss of CO(2)
from the metal binding region of A? in MALDI-TOF mass spectra further suggests
that metal-ligand-A? interaction with subsequent radical formation may play a
role in the aggregation pathway modulation.