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Electrostatic Forces as Dominant Interactions Between Proteins and Polyanions: an
ESI MS Study of Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding to Heparin Oligomers
#MMPMID28211013
Minsky BB
; Dubin PL
; Kaltashov IA
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom
2017[Apr]; 28
(4
): 758-767
PMID28211013
show ga
The interactions between fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors
(FGFRs) are facilitated by heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (Hp), highly sulfated
biological polyelectrolytes. The molecular basis of FGF interactions with these
polyelectrolytes is highly complex due to the structural heterogeneity of HS/Hp,
and many details still remain elusive, especially the significance of charge
density and minimal chain length of HS/Hp in growth factor recognition and
multimerization. In this work, we use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
(ESI MS) to investigate the association of relatively homogeneous oligoheparins
(octamer, dp8, and decamer, dp10) with acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1).
This growth factor forms 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 protein/heparinoid complexes with both
dp8 and dp10, and the fraction of bound protein is highly dependent on
protein/heparinoid molar ratio. Multimeric complexes are preferentially formed on
the highly sulfated Hp oligomers. Although a variety of oligomers appear to be
binding-competent, there is a strong correlation between the affinity and the
overall level of sulfation (the highest charge density polyanions binding FGF
most strongly via multivalent interactions). These results show that the
interactions between FGF-1 and Hp oligomers are primarily directed by
electrostatics, and also demonstrate the power of ESI MS as a tool to study
multiple binding equilibria between proteins and structurally heterogeneous
polyanions. Graphical Abstract ?.