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2018 ; 37
(1
): 159-172
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gab.com Text
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Functions of the APC tumor suppressor protein dependent and independent of
canonical WNT signaling: implications for therapeutic targeting
#MMPMID29318445
Hankey W
; Frankel WL
; Groden J
Cancer Metastasis Rev
2018[Mar]; 37
(1
): 159-172
PMID29318445
show ga
The acquisition of biallelic mutations in the APC gene is a rate-limiting step in
the development of most colorectal cancers and occurs in the earliest lesions.
APC encodes a 312-kDa protein that localizes to multiple subcellular compartments
and performs diverse functions. APC participates in a cytoplasmic complex that
promotes the destruction of the transcriptional licensing factor ?-catenin; APC
mutations that abolish this function trigger constitutive activation of the
canonical WNT signaling pathway, a characteristic found in almost all colorectal
cancers. By negatively regulating canonical WNT signaling, APC counteracts
proliferation, promotes differentiation, facilitates apoptosis, and suppresses
invasion and tumor progression. APC further antagonizes canonical WNT signaling
by interacting with and counteracting ?-catenin in the nucleus. APC also
suppresses tumor initiation and progression in the colorectal epithelium through
functions that are independent of canonical WNT signaling. APC regulates the
mitotic spindle to facilitate proper chromosome segregation, localizes to the
cell periphery and cell protrusions to establish cell polarity and appropriate
directional migration, and inhibits DNA replication by interacting directly with
DNA. Mutations in APC are often frameshifts, insertions, or deletions that
introduce premature stop codons and lead to the production of truncated APC
proteins that lack its normal functions and possess tumorigenic properties.
Therapeutic approaches in development for the treatment of APC-deficient tumors
are focused on the inhibition of canonical WNT signaling, especially through
targets downstream of APC in the pathway, or on the restoration of wild-type APC
expression.