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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Mucosal+Immunol 2018 ; 11 (2): 523-35 Nephropedia Template TP
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Epithelial derived TGF-?1 acts as a pro-viral factor in the lung during influenza A infection #MMPMID29067998
Denney L; Branchett W; Gregory LG; Oliver RA; Lloyd CM
Mucosal Immunol 2018[Mar]; 11 (2): 523-35 PMID29067998show ga
Mucosal surfaces are under constant bombardment from potentially antigenic particles and so must maintain a balance between homeostasis and inappropriate immune activation and consequent pathology. Epithelial cells play a vital role orchestrating pulmonary homeostasis and defense against pathogens. TGF-? regulates an array of immune responses- both inflammatory and regulatory, however its function is highly location and context dependent. We demonstrate that epithelial derived TGF-? acts as a pro-viral factor suppressing early immune responses during influenza A infection. Mice specifically lacking bronchial epithelial TGF-?1 (epTGF?KO) displayed marked protection from influenza induced weight loss, airway inflammation and pathology. However, protection from influenza induced pathology was not associated with a heightened lymphocytic immune response. In contrast, the kinetics of IFN? release into the airways was significantly enhanced in epTGF?KO mice compared to control mice, with elevated IFN? at day 1 in epTGF?KO compared to control mice. This induced a heighted anti-viral state resulting in impaired viral replication in epTGF?KO mice.Thus, epithelial derived TGF-? acts to suppress early IFN? responses leading to increased viral burden and pathology. This study demonstrates the importance of the local epithelial micro-environmental niche in shaping initial immune responses to viral infection and controlling host disease.