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2017 ; 40
(3
): 275-296
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English Wikipedia
Developmental Pathways of Youth Gang Membership: A Structural Test of the Social
Development Model
#MMPMID29403146
Bishop AS
; Hill KG
; Gilman AB
; Howell JC
; Catalano RF
; Hawkins JD
J Crime Justice
2017[]; 40
(3
): 275-296
PMID29403146
show ga
As a result of nearly 40 years of research using a risk and protective factor
approach, much is known about the predictors of gang onset. Little theoretical
work, however, has been done to situate this approach to studying gang membership
within a more comprehensive developmental model. Using structural equation
modeling techniques, the current study is the first to test the capacity of the
social development model (SDM) to predict the developmental pathways that
increase and decrease the likelihood of gang membership. Results suggest that the
SDM provides a good accounting of the social developmental processes at age 13
that are predictive of later gang membership. These findings support the
promotion of a theoretical understanding of gang membership that specifies both
pro- and antisocial developmental pathways. Additionally, as the SDM is intended
as a model that can guide preventive intervention, results also hold practical
utility for designing strategies that can be implemented in early adolescence to
address the likelihood of later gang involvement. Three key preventive
intervention points to address gang membership are discussed, including promoting
efforts to enhance social skills, increasing the availability of prosocial
opportunities and rewarding engagement in these opportunities, and reducing
antisocial socialization experiences throughout the middle- and high school
years.