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10.1038/s41564-017-0057-7 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/s41564-017-0057-7 C5705318!5705318 !29109476     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=29109476 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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The major targets of acute norovirus infection are immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue |pdf=|usr=}}{{29109476 }} gab.com Text The major targets of acute norovirus infection are immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue JO: Nat Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29109476 #FOAvip Noroviruses are the leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks and childhood diarrhoea globally, estimated to be responsible for 200,000 deaths in children each year (1-4) . Thus, reducing norovirus-associated disease is a critical priority. Development of vaccines and therapeutics has been hindered by the limited understanding of basic norovirus pathogenesis and cell tropism. While macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and stem-cell-derived enteroids can all support infection of certain noroviruses in vitro (5-7) , efforts to define in vivo norovirus cell tropism have generated conflicting results. Some studies detected infected intestinal immune cells (8-12) , other studies detected epithelial cells (13) , and still others detected immune and epithelial cells (14-16) . Major limitations of these studies are that they were performed on tissue sections from immunocompromised or germ-free hosts, chronically infected hosts where the timing of infection was unknown, or following non-biologically relevant inoculation routes. Here, we report that the dominant cellular targets of a murine norovirus inoculated orally into immunocompetent mice are macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Importantly, we also demonstrate that a norovirus can infect T cells, a previously unrecognized target, in vitro. These findings represent the most extensive analyses to date of in vivo norovirus cell tropism in orally inoculated, immunocompetent hosts at the peak of acute infection and thus they significantly advance our basic understanding of norovirus pathogenesis. Twit Text FOAVip The major targets of acute norovirus infection are immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue ????Nat Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29109476 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29109476 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29109476 }}</ref> The major targets of acute norovirus infection are immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue #MMPMID29109476 Grau KR ; Roth AN ; Zhu S ; Hernandez A ; Colliou N ; DiVita BB ; Philip DT ; Riffe C ; Giasson B ; Wallet SM ; Mohamadzadeh M ; Karst SM Nat Microbiol 2017[Dec]; 2 (12 ): 1586-1591 PMID29109476 show ga Noroviruses are the leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks and childhood diarrhoea globally, estimated to be responsible for 200,000 deaths in children each year (1-4) . Thus, reducing norovirus-associated disease is a critical priority. Development of vaccines and therapeutics has been hindered by the limited understanding of basic norovirus pathogenesis and cell tropism. While macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and stem-cell-derived enteroids can all support infection of certain noroviruses in vitro (5-7) , efforts to define in vivo norovirus cell tropism have generated conflicting results. Some studies detected infected intestinal immune cells (8-12) , other studies detected epithelial cells (13) , and still others detected immune and epithelial cells (14-16) . Major limitations of these studies are that they were performed on tissue sections from immunocompromised or germ-free hosts, chronically infected hosts where the timing of infection was unknown, or following non-biologically relevant inoculation routes. Here, we report that the dominant cellular targets of a murine norovirus inoculated orally into immunocompetent mice are macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Importantly, we also demonstrate that a norovirus can infect T cells, a previously unrecognized target, in vitro. These findings represent the most extensive analyses to date of in vivo norovirus cell tropism in orally inoculated, immunocompetent hosts at the peak of acute infection and thus they significantly advance our basic understanding of norovirus pathogenesis. |Animals [MESH] |B-Lymphocytes/immunology [MESH] |Caliciviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology/virology [MESH] |Cell Line [MESH] |Cell Survival [MESH] |Dendritic Cells/immunology [MESH] |Disease Models, Animal [MESH] |Duodenum/*immunology/pathology/virology [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Immunity, Mucosal/*immunology [MESH] |Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/pathology/virology [MESH] |Intestines/pathology/virology [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL [MESH] |Norovirus/*immunology/*pathogenicity [MESH] |RAW 264.7 Cells [MESH]The major targets of acute norovirus infection are immune cells in the(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing