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2017 ; 3
(11
): 1143-1155
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Inhibition of NGLY1 Inactivates the Transcription Factor Nrf1 and Potentiates
Proteasome Inhibitor Cytotoxicity
#MMPMID29202016
Tomlin FM
; Gerling-Driessen UIM
; Liu YC
; Flynn RA
; Vangala JR
; Lentz CS
; Clauder-Muenster S
; Jakob P
; Mueller WF
; Ordoņez-Rueda D
; Paulsen M
; Matsui N
; Foley D
; Rafalko A
; Suzuki T
; Bogyo M
; Steinmetz LM
; Radhakrishnan SK
; Bertozzi CR
ACS Cent Sci
2017[Nov]; 3
(11
): 1143-1155
PMID29202016
show ga
Proteasome inhibitors are used to treat blood cancers such as multiple myeloma
(MM) and mantle cell lymphoma. The efficacy of these drugs is frequently
undermined by acquired resistance. One mechanism of proteasome inhibitor
resistance may involve the transcription factor Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like
1 (NFE2L1, also referred to as Nrf1), which responds to proteasome insufficiency
or pharmacological inhibition by upregulating proteasome subunit gene expression.
This "bounce-back" response is achieved through a unique mechanism. Nrf1 is
constitutively translocated into the ER lumen, N-glycosylated, and then targeted
for proteasomal degradation via the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway.
Proteasome inhibition leads to accumulation of cytosolic Nrf1, which is then
processed to form the active transcription factor. Here we show that the
cytosolic enzyme N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1, the human PNGase) is essential for Nrf1
activation in response to proteasome inhibition. Chemical or genetic disruption
of NGLY1 activity results in the accumulation of misprocessed Nrf1 that is
largely excluded from the nucleus. Under these conditions, Nrf1 is inactive in
regulating proteasome subunit gene expression in response to proteasome
inhibition. Through a small molecule screen, we identified a cell-active NGLY1
inhibitor that disrupts the processing and function of Nrf1. The compound
potentiates the cytotoxicity of carfilzomib, a clinically used proteasome
inhibitor, against MM and T cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
cell lines. Thus, NGLY1 inhibition prevents Nrf1 activation and represents a new
therapeutic approach for cancers that depend on proteasome homeostasis.