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2017 ; 8
(11
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The Obscure World of Integrative and Mobilizable Elements, Highly Widespread
Elements that Pirate Bacterial Conjugative Systems
#MMPMID29165361
Guédon G
; Libante V
; Coluzzi C
; Payot S
; Leblond-Bourget N
Genes (Basel)
2017[Nov]; 8
(11
): ä PMID29165361
show ga
Conjugation is a key mechanism of bacterial evolution that involves mobile
genetic elements. Recent findings indicated that the main actors of conjugative
transfer are not the well-known conjugative or mobilizable plasmids but are the
integrated elements. This paper reviews current knowledge on "integrative and
mobilizable elements" (IMEs) that have recently been shown to be highly diverse
and highly widespread but are still rarely described. IMEs encode their own
excision and integration and use the conjugation machinery of unrelated
co-resident conjugative element for their own transfer. Recent studies revealed a
much more complex and much more diverse lifecycle than initially thought. Besides
their main transmission as integrated elements, IMEs probably use plasmid-like
strategies to ensure their maintenance after excision. Their interaction with
conjugative elements reveals not only harmless hitchhikers but also hunters that
use conjugative elements as target for their integration or harmful parasites
that subvert the conjugative apparatus of incoming elements to invade cells that
harbor them. IMEs carry genes conferring various functions, such as resistance to
antibiotics, that can enhance the fitness of their hosts and that contribute to
their maintenance in bacterial populations. Taken as a whole, IMEs are probably
major contributors to bacterial evolution.