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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Diabetes 2015 ; 64 (2): 360-9 Nephropedia Template TP
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Methotrexate promotes glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle via AMPK activation #MMPMID25338814
Pirkmajer S; Kulkarni SS; Tom RZ; Fyffe FA; Hawley SA; Hardie DG; Zierath JR; Chibalin AV
Diabetes 2015[Feb]; 64 (2): 360-9 PMID25338814show ga
Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used anti-cancer and anti-rheumatic drug that has been postulated to protect against metabolic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the mechanism remains unknown. MTX inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase / inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) and thereby slows down the metabolism of ZMP and its precursor AICAR, which is a pharmacological AMPK activator. We explored whether MTX promotes AMPK activation in cultured myotubes and isolated skeletal muscle. We found MTX markedly reduced the threshold for AICAR-induced AMPK activation, and potentiated glucose uptake and lipid oxidation. Gene silencing of the MTX target ATIC activated AMPK and stimulated lipid oxidation in cultured myotubes. Furthermore, MTX activated AMPK in wild-type HEK-293 cells. These effects were abolished in skeletal muscle lacking the muscle-specific, ZMP-sensitive AMPK-?3 subunit and in HEK-293 cells expressing a ZMP-insensitive mutant AMPK-?2 subunit. Collectively, our findings underscore a role for AMPK as a direct molecular link between MTX and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Co-therapy with AICAR and MTX could represent a novel strategy to treat metabolic disorders and overcome current limitations of AICAR mono-therapy.