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2017 ; 292
(47
): 19400-19410
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Time-course, negative-stain electron microscopy-based analysis for investigating
protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level
#MMPMID28972148
Nogal B
; Bowman CA
; Ward AB
J Biol Chem
2017[Nov]; 292
(47
): 19400-19410
PMID28972148
show ga
Several biophysical approaches are available to study protein-protein
interactions. Most approaches are conducted in bulk solution, and are therefore
limited to an average measurement of the ensemble of molecular interactions.
Here, we show how single-particle EM can enrich our understanding of
protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level and potentially capture
states that are unobservable with ensemble methods because they are below the
limit of detection or not conducted on an appropriate time scale. Using the HIV-1
envelope glycoprotein (Env) and its interaction with receptor CD4-binding site
neutralizing antibodies as a model system, we both corroborate ensemble
kinetics-derived parameters and demonstrate how time-course EM can further
dissect stoichiometric states of complexes that are not readily observable with
other methods. Visualization of the kinetics and stoichiometry of Env-antibody
complexes demonstrated the applicability of our approach to qualitatively and
semi-quantitatively differentiate two highly similar neutralizing antibodies.
Furthermore, implementation of machine-learning techniques for sorting class
averages of these complexes into discrete subclasses of particles helped reduce
human bias. Our data provide proof of concept that single-particle EM can be used
to generate a "visual" kinetic profile that should be amenable to studying many
other protein-protein interactions, is relatively simple and complementary to
well-established biophysical approaches. Moreover, our method provides critical
insights into broadly neutralizing antibody recognition of Env, which may inform
vaccine immunogen design and immunotherapeutic development.